RESUMEN
ABSTRACT The SISBIOTA-BRASIL was a three-year multimillion-dollar research program of the Brazilian government to document plants and animals in endangered/understudied areas and biomes in Brazil. Distributional patterns and the historical events that generated them are extensively unknown regarding Brazilian fauna and flora. This deficiency hinders the development of conservation policies and the understanding of evolutionary processes. Conservation decisions depend on precise knowledge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of species. Given such a premise, we proposed to research the diversity of Diptera of the Brazilian western arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia. Three important biomes of the South American continent characterize these Brazilian states: Amazon forest, Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), and Pantanal. Besides their ecological relevance, these biomes historically lack intensive entomological surveys. Therefore, they are much underrepresented in the Brazilian natural history collections and in the scientific literature, which is further aggravated by the fact that these areas are being exponentially and rapidly converted to commercial lands. Our project involved over 90 collaborators from 24 different Brazilian institutions and one from Colombia among researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, and technicians. We processed and analyzed nearly 300,000 specimens from ~60 families of Diptera collected with a large variety of methods in the sampled areas. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the genera and species diversity of 41 families treated. Our results point to a total of 2,130 species and 514 genera compiled and identified for the three states altogether, with an increase of 41% and 29% in the numbers of species and genera known for the three states combined, respectively. Overall, the 10 most species-rich families were Tachinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, and Asilidae. The 10 most diverse in the number of genera were Tachinidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Mycetophilidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, and Chloropidae. So far, 111 scientific papers were published regarding taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical aspects of the studied families, with the description of 101 new species and three new genera. We expect that additional publications will result from this investigation because several specimens are now curated and being researched by specialists.
RESUMEN
A new genus of Phthiriinae, Hirsutophallus gen. nov. is described, based on the examination of male and female specimens from the Andean region of Bolivia and Argentina. Hirsutophallus gen. nov. contains several characters that distinguish it from other Phthiriinae genera, such as: prominent tip on the lateral margin of the scape; lower lobes on epiphallus; prominent lateral lobes on epiphallus, with dorsal macrosetae; penial guide of distiphallus with long and dense macrosetae on dorsal surface; gonocoxite with medial process large basally and acute apex in lateral view, with short apical and ventral spines and posterior process with ventral spines; gonostylus with row of spines on apical third of dorsal and ventral surface and furca with V-shaped sclerites, with very long and curved parallel arms. The new genus, endemic to the Neotropical Region, is described to accommodate Hirsutophallus andinus gen. nov. et sp. nov. An identification key to the genera of Phthiriinae is also provided. The species is described and illustrated in detail, including the male and female terminalia.
Asunto(s)
Dípteros , Animales , Argentina , Bolivia , Femenino , Masculino , TerminaliaRESUMEN
The Neotropical genus Mallophthiria Edwards is restricted to Chile (Concepción and Choapa) and comprises M. lanata Edwards, 1930 and M. elguetai sp. nov. The new species is described and illustrations of the external morphology of adults and male and female terminalia are also included.
